How to Choose an OS for Your Custom-Built PC: Performance, Features, and Compatibility

The OS (Operating System) is essential software for using a computer, as it handles basic operations and runs applications.

There are various types of OS, but for many people, especially beginners, Windows is the most common choice.

When building a custom PC, the conclusion for choosing an OS is simple: just select the latest version of Windows OS.

Besides the OS and its version, there are also different editions (Home/Pro), types of installation media (USB/DVD), license types (Retail/DSP, etc.), and languages (Japanese/English). These options vary depending on the user, so this article will explain them in detail.

As a recommendation, Windows 11 Home / USB version / Retail / Japanese version is the best choice.

This article will explain in detail how to choose an OS and answer frequently asked questions.

For other PC parts, explanations are also provided on basic knowledge, roles, performance, and compatibility, so please use them as a reference.

≫ Related Article: PC Parts List and Explanation of Each PC Part [A Must-Read for Custom PC Beginners]

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PC Parts Estimation & Compatibility Check Tool

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What is the Role of an OS?

The role of an OS (Operating System) is to manage the basic functions of a computer and act as a bridge between hardware and software.

Specifically, it starts by loading the necessary programs when the computer boots, manages memory, operates the file system, controls input and output, and performs many essential tasks behind the scenes.

It also adjusts computer resources so that users can use applications smoothly and efficiently.

From the user’s perspective, the OS provides essential functions for using a computer, such as moving the mouse cursor, managing files and folders, and launching applications from the taskbar.

When choosing an OS, it is important to consider whether its features match your needs, as well as its ease of use and security reliability.

Basic Knowledge of OS

There are various types of OS, but here is an explanation of which OS are mainstream and which ones to choose.

Types of PC OS

The main OS for PCs are Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Google Chrome OS, and the open-source Linux.

Additionally, there are Linux-based OS like Ubuntu and CentOS.

However, Linux-based OS are not recommended for beginners to use right away, and unless you have a clear purpose or know what you want to do, you should not use them.

Let’s take a closer look at each OS.

Windows OS

Developed by Microsoft, Windows OS is widely used for personal computers and office environments.

It supports a wide range of apps and hardware, making it a versatile OS that can be used for office work, web browsing, 3D gaming, video editing, and more.

macOS

Developed by Apple, macOS is an exclusive OS only available on Mac computers.

While it is also a versatile OS for various uses, it does not support 3D games or securities trading tools for stocks/FX (though browser-based trading is possible).

It is especially popular among creative users for image and video editing or programming.

However, since macOS is exclusive to Mac computers, it is not an option if you are building a custom PC.

Chrome OS

Developed by Google, Chrome OS is mainly used for Chromebooks.

It focuses on cloud-based apps and services, so it is designed to run on relatively low-spec hardware.

Therefore, even with a low-performance computer, you can do various tasks, but since most apps and data are accessed via the internet, a network connection is almost essential.

Like macOS, Chrome OS is not sold separately, so it is not an option for custom PC builders.

Linux

Linux is an open-source OS developed by many contributors and is available for free.

Since its source code is open, it is highly customizable.

There are many Linux-based OS like Ubuntu and CentOS, allowing users to customize them to their needs.

Rather than being a general-purpose OS, Linux is optimized for specific uses.

In any case, there are fewer apps compatible with Linux, so it cannot be used in the same way as Windows.

3D games and video editing are generally not supported, and even if they are, you will need to use different apps than those available on Windows.

For example, if you want to edit videos, Adobe Premiere Pro is not available for Linux, so you need to use a different video editing app that supports Linux.

Also, Linux has a lower market share compared to Windows and macOS, so fewer apps are developed for it, which may mean using apps with fewer features.

Therefore, unless you are knowledgeable about computers and have a clear purpose, Linux is difficult to use and not suitable for beginners.

For Most People and Beginners, Windows is the Only Choice

Various OS have been explained, but for beginners and most users, Windows is the most suitable.

macOS and Chrome OS are not sold separately, and while Linux is free, its capabilities are limited and it is difficult to use without a clear purpose, so it is not recommended.

On the other hand, Windows is widely used worldwide, and its user-friendly interface makes it easy for beginners.

It also has extensive software compatibility and support, so it can be used for various purposes.

Because Windows has a high market share, if you encounter any problems, there is a lot of information available, making it easy to find solutions.

Also, even for things unrelated to the OS, instructions and guides are often provided for Windows, making it easier to gather information.

Furthermore, regular security updates are provided, so it can be used safely.

For these reasons, if you are building a custom PC, Windows OS is basically the only option.

Based on user selections in the Custom PC Tool, statistics are provided on which series, edition, license type, and language are chosen.

≫ Related Article: Popular OS Recommendations and Selection Rates by Specification [Statistics]

How to Choose an OS for a Custom PC

Basically, the latest version of Windows OS, Home edition, USB installation media, and Japanese language version are recommended. The reasons and other options are explained in detail below.

Basically, Windows 11 Home / USB Version / Retail / Japanese Version is OK

Even just saying Windows OS, there are various versions, editions, installation media, license types, and language versions.

Putting detailed explanations aside for now, here is the recommended combination:

The version should always be the latest for features, security, and support.

There are Home and Pro editions, but for general uses like web browsing, gaming, video editing, and programming, Home is sufficient.

There is also a DVD version for installation media, but using the DVD version requires an optical drive or an external optical drive, while the USB version can be plugged directly into the PC, making it easier.

There are various license types, but usually you will choose either the Retail or DSP version depending on your situation.

The language version is self-explanatory.

This is a simple explanation, but let’s go a bit deeper.

Windows OS Versions

When building a custom PC, it is best to choose the latest Windows OS.

As of February 21, 2024, Windows 11 is the latest version.

The main reasons for choosing the latest version are:

• New features
• Improved performance
• Enhanced security
• Maintained compatibility

With each new version, various features are added, bugs are fixed, and system optimization improves performance.

New features make the computer more convenient and efficient to use.

In terms of security, the latest security patches are included, providing better protection against viruses and malware.

Also, the latest version has the longest support period for features and security, so you can use it more conveniently and safely for a longer time.

It also has high compatibility with hardware, ensuring support for the latest technology and reducing the risk of older software not working with new technology.

For example, “Intel Optane Memory,” which was a hot topic a few years ago, was a part designed to speed up data transfer between fast CPUs/memory and slow HDDs, but it had strict hardware and software requirements.

It was only compatible with the latest CPUs, chipsets, BIOS, and OS (at the time, Windows 10).

So, if you want to use the latest technology, some OS versions may not be supported.

For these reasons, it is best to use the latest version.

However, for the first 2-3 months after a new version is released, it is better to wait and see.

This does not mean waiting to buy a PC, but rather building with the previous OS version.

Even if you use the previous version, it is still the mainstream OS, and Microsoft often provides free updates to the new version.

So, you can update to the new version later if you meet the requirements.

There are risks with a brand-new version, such as:

• Unknown bugs or issues
• Compatibility problems
• Problems caused by updates
• Insufficient testing

A new OS may have undiscovered bugs or compatibility issues, and it is possible that things that used to work no longer do.

Therefore, it is better to wait and check for reports of issues (for example, no major problems with the apps you usually use).

Also, some older apps or drivers may not be compatible with the new OS and may not work properly.

Usually, app and driver developers need time to make their products compatible with the latest OS, so after updating, some app features may not work as before.

I used to develop Android apps, and to make them work on the latest Android OS, I had to update the app code. The same applies to Windows OS apps and drivers.

However, Windows has high compatibility, so most things work as before, but occasionally, some apps may not work properly on the latest OS, so it is wise to wait and see.

Even though Microsoft does extensive testing, new issues may be discovered when millions of users start using the new OS.

In such cases, problems may occur in specific environments or with specific apps.

For these reasons, it is best to wait and gather information for 2-3 months after a new version is released. After that, most issues will be fixed, and you can update the OS when convenient.

Windows OS Editions: “Home” and “Pro”

Windows OS has two editions: “Windows Home” and “Windows Pro”.

Windows Pro is more expensive than Home but offers more features. Whether you need those features depends on the user.

For general users, Windows Home is sufficient.

The Home edition has all the basic features needed for daily tasks, such as browsing the internet, creating documents, sending and receiving emails, and is suitable for 3D gaming and video editing.

On the other hand, for business or specialized tasks, consider the Windows Pro edition.

Pro includes all Home features plus additional business features, such as:

• Remote Desktop access
• Bitlocker device encryption
• Group Policy management
• Hyper-V features
• Maximum memory capacity (Home: 128GB, Pro: 2TB)
• Windows Update for Business

There are other differences, but Pro mainly includes features for higher security and easier management of multiple computers in a business environment.

For example, I use Pro on some computers because I need Remote Desktop (accessing another computer over the network from my main PC).

I have several computers, and one acts as a server to run my programs regularly. That computer is on a shelf, so it is hard to work on directly, and it does not have a monitor, mouse, or keyboard connected.

Therefore, I access it from my main PC using Remote Desktop, which requires Pro.

*Note: For Remote Desktop, only the computer being accessed (the server) needs Pro; the connecting computer (main PC) can be Home.

In this way, choose Pro only if you need its specific features.

Types of Windows OS Installation Media: “USB Version” and “DVD Version”

There are two types of Windows OS installation media: “USB version” and “DVD version”.

Installation media refers to storage devices used to install OS or apps on a computer.

For Windows OS, the difference is whether it is sold on a USB memory stick or a DVD.

You need to choose the media that suits your environment, but these days, many PCs do not have optical drives, so the USB version is the best choice.

The USB version comes with the OS preloaded on a USB stick, so you can start installation by plugging it into your PC. It is highly compatible and recommended, especially for PCs without optical drives.

The DVD version requires an optical drive, but the demand for optical drives is low, and many PC cases do not have a 5.25-inch bay for them.

Therefore, the USB version is more versatile and easier to use.

≫ Related Article: What is Windows Installation Media? How to Create and Use It

Windows OS License Types: “Retail”, “DSP”, “OEM”, “Academic”, “Volume License”

Windows OS licenses include “Retail (Standard)”, “DSP”, “OEM”, “Academic”, and “Volume License”, each with different features and usage conditions.

Most users will choose between the Retail and DSP versions.

Retail Version

The Retail version is purchased separately (not pre-installed) and installed by the user.

It can only be installed on one PC at a time, but if you get a new PC, you can reinstall it.

DSP Version

The DSP version is sold together with new PCs or specific hardware and is tied to that hardware.

Therefore, using it on another PC may violate the license.

Because it is intended for use with specific hardware, it is cheaper than the Retail version.

Differences between Retail and DSP versions, their popularity, and DSP cautions are explained in detail.

≫ Related Article: What is the Windows DSP Version? Differences from the Retail Version

OEM Version

The OEM version, like the DSP version, is tied to specific hardware and is often pre-installed on new PCs from manufacturers.

If you buy a PC from a manufacturer (not a custom build), it usually comes with the OEM version.

Academic Version

The Academic version is designed for educational institutions, students, and faculty.

It has features and pricing tailored for education.

If you are a student at a partner institution, you may be able to purchase the Academic version at a special price. Please check with your institution for details.

Volume License

The Volume License is for organizations or companies that purchase many licenses at once.

It is suitable for large users such as businesses, schools, and government agencies, allowing efficient purchase and management of many licenses.

Therefore, for custom PCs that only need one license, this is usually not relevant.

Windows OS Language Versions: “Japanese” and “English”

Windows OS is available in “Japanese” and “English” versions.

Obviously, the Japanese version is recommended for Japanese users.

You can change the language to Japanese in the English version, but unless you have a specific reason to use English, choose the Japanese version.

Frequently Asked Questions about OS

Here are answers to common questions about OS for custom PC beginners.

Will the OS Stop Working When Extended Support Ends? What Should I Do?

In conclusion, even if the OS support period ends, it does not mean you cannot use it.

Also, recently, free upgrades are available, so as long as you upgrade, you are fine.

OS developers provide updates to make the OS more convenient and secure, such as adding features, improving performance, updating the UI, distributing security patches, and fixing bugs.

However, this support does not last forever and has a set period.

For Windows OS, there is mainstream support for over 5 years after release, which includes new features and security patches.

After that, there is extended support for over 5 years, which provides limited security patches and important fixes, totaling over 10 years of support.

When extended support ends, security patches are no longer provided, so vulnerabilities discovered after the end of support will not be fixed, leaving the system open to attacks.

Normally, security patches fix vulnerabilities and strengthen security, but without them, using an OS after support ends is a security risk.

The OS and PC will not stop working after support ends, but be aware of these risks.

Also, recent Windows OS versions allow free upgrades (for example, from Windows 10 to Windows 11), so it is recommended to upgrade before support ends.

A list of OS support periods, security risks after support ends, and countermeasures are explained in detail.

≫ Related Article: Explanation of OS Support Periods and Risks After Support Ends

If you cannot upgrade for free due to timing or other reasons and are considering buying the latest OS, it may be worth considering replacing the entire PC, as the hardware may also be reaching the end of its lifespan.

≫ Related Article: Explaining the Lifespan of Custom PCs from Various Perspectives [About 3-10 Years]

How to Install the DVD Version Without an Optical Drive

If you buy the DVD version of the OS but your PC does not have an optical drive, there are several ways to install it.

You can:

• Prepare an External optical drive
• Download Windows from Microsoft’s website and use a USB drive

Having an external optical drive is useful for future use on other PCs or for reading DVDs unexpectedly.

You can also download Windows OS for free from Microsoft, save it to a USB drive, and create your own installation media.

Insert the created USB into your PC to install the OS.

The DVD version should come with a license key, so after installing the OS, enter the license key to activate it.

You cannot use Windows OS without entering the license key, so note that downloading it for free does not mean you can use Windows OS for free.

Can the DSP Version Be Used on Another PC?

The DSP license is usually sold with specific hardware (such as a new PC or specific components) and is tied to that hardware.

So, if you uninstall it from an old PC and install it on a new custom PC, it would be a license violation.

Because it can only be used with the same hardware configuration, the DSP version is cheaper than the Retail version.

Although it is a license violation, and Microsoft may not immediately disable the OS if it detects a hardware change, it is not recommended.

Also, after building a PC, you will probably use it for 5-6 years, by which time a new OS will be available, and you may want to keep the old PC as a backup, so there are few situations where you would need to reuse the OS.

Summary: Windows is the Only Choice for OS!

This article explained the role, types, and how to choose an OS. For those building a custom PC, the recommended choice is Windows 11 Home / USB version / Retail / Japanese version.

Here are the key points again:

The OS version should basically be the latest for the following reasons:

• New features
• Improved performance
• Enhanced security
• Maintained compatibility

However, since each user’s usage and environment are different, the best edition, installation media, and license type may also differ.

Therefore, it is important to understand the key points and choose what suits you best.

For other PC parts, explanations are also provided on basic knowledge, roles, performance, and compatibility, so please use them as a reference.

≫ Related Article: PC Parts List and Explanation of Each PC Part [A Must-Read for Custom PC Beginners]

あわせて読みたい

PC Parts Estimation & Compatibility Check Tool

Automatically checks each component you need when selecting parts for a custom-built PC—perfect for beginners.